Open data
Primary-source, cross-ISO datasets behind the analyses: the value concentrated in a few hours, where and when the grid peaks, and what a flexible kilowatt is worth by location.
Free to use with attribution (CC BY 4.0). These are the derived summary tables, reproducible from the primary sources.
Across the seven US ISOs (2018-2025), the 1% of hours with the largest price deviation from the annual median hold a median 16% of the year's total arbitrage value, and the top 5% hold a median 37%. The most concentrated market, ERCOT, reaches 55% in its top 5% of hours.
In 2025, the capacity-plus-transmission cost a consumer avoids by cutting one kilowatt of demand at the coincident peak ranged from about $33 to $293 per kW-year across US ISO zones (median about $154), highest in PJM (PSEG $293, DOM $254). Each figure is for a specific zone and year; 2025 is elevated by recent capacity-price spikes.
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